Health Financing
Cost evidence for more equitable immunization
Challenge
Programme averages can hide significant differences in the cost of reaching children across locations. Financing decisions therefore need to consider unit costs, coverage and equity alongside total expenditure.
Contribution
Led by Hammad Yunus, PFM Solutions undertook the unit-cost component of a World Bank-supported immunization study analysing routine immunization delivery across 16 districts in Pakistan.
Wider immunization portfolio
The wider immunization portfolio includes National Immunization Account work, financial and economic analysis, expenditure tracking and integration of immunization financing with government systems.
Analytical logic
Policy relevance
The analysis provides evidence for understanding the resources required to expand coverage and reach harder-to-serve populations rather than relying only on average programme costs.
Related research
Cost optimisation analysis of the expanded programme for immunisation: balancing equity and coverage in Pakistan
BMJ Global Health · 2022
Peer-reviewed research examining the relationship between immunization delivery costs, coverage and equity in Pakistan.
Hammad Yunus · Co-author
Read the peer-reviewed study ↗